Gas analysis apparatus.



n.as1,voe. rmmmn un 12, 190s. J. r. sungen a J. Anny.

GAS ANALYSIS APPARATUS. unicum um An. u. 1m.

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|| ll'llllll Ligar .,gdady a rior/vtr@ PATENTBD HAY 12, 1908. J. F. SIIIANOE J. ABADY.

GAB ANALYSIS APPARATUS.

APIUGA'IIOI FILED API. Il. 1001. a llnHlnlx s.

FgAf. l 1

UNITED sanitariasa JUII FREDERIVK SIBDIANFE AND JAtQI'ES ABADY, 0F LONDON, ENGLAND.

GAI LILLY!!! APPARATUS.

To all whom it mail concern.

' Be it. known that we, Jonx Fannsaicit Siiiuaxcn. engineer.'and .Liconsa Amm', harrister-atdaw, subjects of the King of Great Britain, and residents. respectively, of I7 liiivenseourt lark. (`liiswick. London, S. W., England. and Fountain Court. Teinple, London. E. En hind, have invented certain new and useful in rovenients in (ins Analysis Apparatus, of w ich the following is a specification.

A common method of examining a gas or gaseous mixture for the detection and estimation of certain constituents is to measure ofi a definite quantity. expose the saine to the action of a suitable reagent. and remeasure, the difference between the of the gas or gaseous mixture tion (quantitative or qualitative or both) of the constituent or constituents sought. To carry out this operation with the usual apparatus demands some skill, and it is the object of the present invention to provide an iniproved method of and apparatusffir performing the operation suei that, notwitlistanding an increase in the accuracv of the result obtained, little or no skill will be rc quired in the operator.

According to the present invention the u gas or gaseous mixture to be tested (whatever the pressure at which it reaches the a paratus) is always and automatically broug it to the saine pressure, so that a series of volumetric tests, if performed under identical conditions as regards temperature, will yield results having a uniform degree of accuracy and value.

In the accoinpanyin designed to illustrate t ie invention in an elementary or diagrammatic manner, Figure 1 shows a rudimentary form of the improved apparatus: Fig. 2 shows the saine apparatus in combination with means wlierebv the rise and fall of the first bell is brought about autoniaticallysoas to cause the s which is to be tested to be inhaled by the hell. Fig.

drawings, which are 3 shows a detail of a modification; and Fig. 4

shows a f orni of the apparatus wherein qxpansible chambers are constituted by cylinders in which pistons are fitted to reciprocate.

Similar let-ters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.

Referring bers A and B are the bells of two gas-holders,

lposition of Lettera Patent.

applicati lied April volumes 1 before and after i the reaction affording a guide to the estima-V the..

to Fig. l, the expansible chain-i Patentld my 12, 1908.

1007. Serial lo. 309,040.

leach of (sav) about 500 cubic centimeters l capacity, Abeing however slightlv larger and heavier than B. The respective bells, which are immersed in liquid seals contained in .tanks A and B, are connected uigetlier in series whereof A is the first, tubes a aiul b which enter the bells through the hottoiii of the respective tanks and serve alternately as inlets and outlets for the corresponding bells, being or this purpose branched upon a gas supply pipe C which leads from a small hand pump as at l), supplyi the as or gaseous l mixture to be tested an disc iarged as at d l to waste. The as supply to the rcs icctive holders is contro ed by three taps on t. ie pipe C, the first tap c* being between the iuinp l) and the branch u leading to the first and larger bell A. the second c between the branches aand b, and the third c being between the branch b, leading to the second and smaller bell B, and the waste outlet d. The bells A and B are approximately countcrbalanccd by means of weights E and F l attached to cords passing over pulleys e and f respectively. Y

A vent pipe G communicating with the interior of the hell A is attached rigidly to the latter, preferably at a poiit in the crown, and is downwardly bent so as to be adapted to be sealed in an independent vessel G' centaining a suitable liquid, such for example as glycerin. The pipe G is of less length than l the hell A. so that when the bell A stands at about its highest level the mouth of the pipe G may be unsealed.

Attached to (or operated by) the bell is a pointer h which is adapted to work over a scale H divided into |00 equal parts. for indicating the amount of gas not absorbed. the zero and highest points of the scale being indicated by the pointer when the hell is n ear l the lowest and highest points of its vertical ,movement res ctivelv. Whereas the liquid or liquids in i tively to the gas, or in redients of .the gaseg ons mixture to be testet the liquid in B may the a solution of the reagent employed in i making the test. A convenient nieaiis of l,and G' should be inert relainsuring intimate contact between said rei agent and the gas entering the hell B is (see i Fig. 2) a tube b of nieta-l i top to the hell B and adaptedto work freely over the ipe b. the tube "being of approximately tie saine length as the bell, sothat cach time the bell rises in consequence of gas l entering it through the pipe b,a film of the regauze attached at .i in thi-bell a 'ent will be carried up b v and spread over t te guaze tube b, through whose meshes the aa as it enters is compelled to paas.

Instead of the reagent being contained in a solution constituting the liquid seal in the tank B', it might be in the form of a solution contained in a wash-bottle or equivalent apgratus situated in the course of the pi to tween the tap c and the pipe b. as ini icated at l in Fig. l. so that the gas before passing into the bell B will be compelled to bubble through the reagent.. ln this case tltc bell B would contain a liquid which is inert relatively to the gas or to the constituents of thegaseous mixture to be tested.

l ith the apparatus as described thc testing operation is performed as followsz-flfhe tap c separating the bells A and B having been closed. and e* opened. the gas or gaseous mixture to be tested is forced by the pump l) into the bell A until the latter rises so far as to lift the vent-pipe (i high eno h in the vessel G* to permit a iortion of t e gas to bubble tbmugh the sea ing liquid therein. the bell A however always reinaini sealed in the tank A. While the gas is stt l bubbling through the sealing lit uid in G', the tap c is closed and the pump i) stopped. whereupon the bell A sinks by its own weight. driving the vent-pipe (l lower in its vessel G until the escape of gaa through this pipe ceases. when the bell will remain sationary. 0bviously this condition ot' equilibrium will be reached when the depth of the seal cornesponds to the weight ofthe bell. and inasmuch as this weight is constant. the position of the bell at which.equilibrium is attained will also be constant. and the bell will there fore always measure oit' an equal quantity or s. whose volume may be determined by adpisting the level of the liquid in the vessel G'. The ta i c' being thus closed. as is also the tap c. t ie tap c separating the bells A and B is now o ned. with the result that thc bell B which is ighter than A. will be charged with gas from A as the latter descends. the reagent in the tank B' or wasli-lmttle l meanwhile absorbing any constituent or constituents of the gas or gaseous mixture. so that the volume which enters the bell B will be corresponda ly less than that which is ex lled from t e bell wi ibe ex iressed upon the -scale ll as a percentage oi the volume originally contained A. this scale having been previously so graduated aml adjusted that a rise of the pointer li from zero to 100 on the scale will eorrespimd exactly with a full and unaltered volume of gas in the bell A. llencc the indication made by the pointer la will alwavs show. directly. the precise proportion of the gas or gaseous mixture not absorbed bv the reagent. ln order to empty the bell B. the tap c is shut and c is opened so as to allow the bell B to descend and expel its gaseous A. The ditl'ercneel wares contents to waste. At. the saine time the tap c' may be reopened to admit a fresh supply of gas to the bell A (see Fig. ll.

The retuisitc preliminary adjustment of thc scale tony be readily effected by correspondingly adjusting the height of the stirface level of the liquid seal in the vessel G, air or some gas not liable to be effected by the reagent being employed for the purpose. lf however the only gas available for determining the adjust ment be drawn from the same source as that which is to be tested, the special impurity (whose quantity is to be subaiapicntly estimated by the test-l must he removed before the gas' is allowed to enter the bell A. ln any case the level of the liquid seal iii the vetewl (l must be. made such that the descent of the bell A (corrected bv the bubbling out of the surplus as through the seal in as before deseribci will cause the bell B to rise exactly from zero t-o 100 on the scale il. The level of the liquid seal in G. thus determined. should be carefully marked and adhered to, so that when a gas or gaseous mixture which is effected by the reagent is subaeipiently passed from A to B. the resulting rei uction tn its volume will. as indicated by the scale ll. be an actual percentage of the original quantity.

The force nmip l). instead of being worked by hand. might be actuated by mechanical power adapted to operate continuously espe.- cially in cases where it is desired to carry ont a practically continuous series of tests eon currently with the migrcas of some other operation or nianuiactun. Thus for example tbc pump might be driven bv gearing operated by a weight or weights. c ockwork. water power. an electric motor. or (particularly where it is required to ascertain the constituents of the tlue gases from a furnaeep bv chimney draft. or by any combination oi different forms of mechanical power. lii

ltl

such cases the taps c' cf r or their equivalents would require to be operated or controlled by the power employed to actuate the pump. Instead. however. of using a force pum i to inject gas into the bell A. the latter mi;` it itself be made-to serve as a suction pump. a convenient arrangement for this purpose being illustrated in Fig. '.2 in combination with devices whereby the action of the a iparatus is rendered entirely automatic. lor the weight E. Fig. l. whereby the bell -A is approximately counterbalani-ed. is substituted a lloat .l adapted to risc and fall within an open-topped vessel J'. thc weight of the float when unsupported by liquid in the vessel J. being sullcient to raise the bell A so as to cause the latter to inhale. a charge of gas through the pi ie u. A stream of water is allowed to tric le conl atautly into the vessel J through a iipc controlled by a tap j. while j is a sip ion tube connected with said vessel and adapted to rapidly empty the same on the water therein rising somewhat higher than is uired to raise the lloat l so l'ar as to allow o thv hell A descending to the full extent ol its ad- `iustvd travel. The tap at c' and c (Fig. ll are replaced respectively hy automatically acting non returiisuction and deliverv valves as indicated. while the tap c which is normally held closed hy means ol a weight K attached to one arm ol a lever L' fast on the spindle ol' the. tap-plug. is adapted to he opened temporarily h y the weight K heiug overcome hy that ol' tlie water discharged hy the siplion tuhe j' into a cup K' mounted on the other arm ol' the lever kl 'llie cup K luis n perforated liottoin or is otherwise adapted to allow ol' the water.whicli is |wriodically ilelivered into it. escaping after the ta i i" luis heen opened h v the ivveisal of the ever as indicated in Fig. 2.

The action of this aiparatus is as follows:()ii the vessel .l icing ein itied, the lloat J. ceasing to he supported, wi l descend and hy so doing will draw up the hell A, the vacuum thus created in the latter being filled they ditl'er with res tially and as retards the results obtained,

't to the conditions existia Iin the hell .\i tiring arto( theoperation. ii other words, u

predetermined pressure (usually, ap roximately atmospheric pressure) at. whici t'oe test is to he actually made, the test. pressure is arrived at from (so to speak) oppositel sides iii the two cases. Thus, in the case of Fig. t wlieretlie gas is invcted into under a pressure uhovv that of tlie atmosphere) the test, pressure is reached hv reducing the prese in both-cases tliefgas iii 'oell hel'ore heing allowed to pass froui A to B. is always lirought. to the' sure origiiiiillv existing in the hell A, whereas in the case of Fig. .2 (where the gas is drawn into at a pressure lielow that of the atmosphere) t-liv test pressure is arrived at h v increasing the pressure originally existing in the hell A.

Now, under the conditions found in the arriiiigeiiieiit shown in Fig. l, it is ohvions thattlie necessary reduction in the pressure of the gas in the hell A is eiected h v the escape of a portion of the gas through the ventspipe G livgasdrawn into the hell through the valve g on the hell rising ahove a certain level, as

c". The rate of tlow of water through the i already described.

tap j is so ad'usteil tliatas soon as the Ahell attains the iigliest point in its travel the lloat J will commence to rise and will theref after continue to ascend until the hell luis of the partial vacuum. created h v the rise ol' descended to the full extent of its adjusted travel. The hell A. hy its descent, will expel its gasemis contents through the valve e and iipe h into the livlLB. the exit rom whiclli latter will meanwhile have oeeii closial hv the action of the weight K on the tap i". l'hegas as it passes to the hell B will lie acted upon hv the rea rent. and this hell will therefore rise to a lieig it (as indicated h v i' result. however. inthe entry ol' the air into i the hell h v way of the i ie `i in either case.

the pointer Ii on the scale ll) corresponding to the amount of ahsorption produced h v the action of the reagent. Alter tliv hells A and B have completed their downward and u iward travels respectively. the water in tllie vessel il will rise tothe summit ol the siplion tuhe i and the si lioiiconiing into operation. the water in J wi l he rapidly discharged and. hy teni'liorarily weighting the cup li'. will canse t e tap e to e opened. and so held. long enough to allow of the hell B (which in proximate counterweight fl descending and expelling its gaseous contents to waste through the tapc. vessel .l' will meanwhile. as lirst explained entire cycle ol' o ierations thereupon recoinnienciiig and living repeated as ahovc descrihvd'so long us water continues to llow into the vessel J.

It is to he oliserved that althoufli the methods of working descrihed with re Under the conditions found in the arraugeiiieiit shown in Fig. however, the necessary increase in the pressure within the hell results from the fact the hel heconiing lilled h v the indrat't of gas sucked into the hell. ln hoth cases the pressure ohtained within the hell is determined hy the dc th of the liquid seal aliove the mouth ot' t ie vein-pipe (i, and it will lie evident that in order to vonductthe test iuider actual atmospheric pressure. the hell unist he raised until the vent-pi ie (i is lifted. momentarily clear of its seal. lliis cannot ln the case of Fig. t the ngher pressure within the hell will heeiii to -esca ie through G he'- fore this pipe is lilried clear o its seal. and the moment equilihriuni hetweeii the pressions inside and outside of the hell is attained (i. c. immediately after the supply of gas is ciu oil hy the closure of the ta i r), the hell will descend of its own accorti g hecome re-sealed. this arrangement is made heavier than us ap lii the case ol' Fig. 2. the partial vacuum created within the hell A as the latter is The emptying of the lifted. may he tilled with .gas as quickly as it is formed. hut whvt her this he the vfact or not the ingress of air hy way ol' tliv vent-pipe (i. have permitted the tloat .l to descend, the

. ol' the vent-pipe will he prevented hy the .closure of the mouth ol' the pipe hy a phiggv Fig. .2 of the liquid (c. g. gl \'cvrin\.coiisti tutiug the seal. 'lliis plug which will he crcnce carried up along with the pipe (i hy atmosto tlie arrangements illustrated in Fi". l and plieric Fig. respectively, are identical hot i esseni the he pressure, will remain in the pipe until hegins to descend, whereupon thc and the tiihe (l will prvssurv within thv livll will invrvasv to a dvgrvv vvvii slightly aliovv that of thv at inosphvrv. lt will liv vvidvnt that during suvh invrvasv in thv iiitvrnal prvssurv, no air van vntvr thv livll hy thv pipv (i. thv pvriod ot vquililirinin livtwvvii thv iiitvrnal and vxtvrnal prvssnrvs (during which air inight vntvr hy ditt'usiou owing to thv liqtiid plug g then falling from thv pipei, living of monivntary duration. ln ordvi' to iusurv a uiiil'orin voluniv of gas living olitaiiivd in thv livll the strokv of thv lattvr iiuist hv ol' stilliviviit lvngth to adiuit ol' thv rvvvrsal ol' thv voudiiion (as rvgards pressures rvs ivvtiyvly insidv and otitsidv of thv livll. iis )usi dvsvrilivd) taking ilavv livl'orv thv pipv (i has dvsvvndvd so dvvply iii itssval as to prvvvnt thv vsvapvof anysnrplus gas from within thv livll. ln vonnvvtion with this, itis to hv notvd that iii thv l arrangvinvnt illustratvd i ii Fig. 2, i t is thv wvight of thv livll B whivh dvternunvs thv point at whivh thv sealing olI thv vvnt-tuliv of thv livll A tivi-urs. ln univr to insure avvuravy. a vvry slow dvsvvnt of t-hv livll A is rvqnirvd. this living vasily vtl'vvtvd hy a vorrvspoudin f adjustinviit ot thv ratv at whivh watvr is al owed to vntvr thv vessel J' through thv tai i'. In thv eyvnt of the gas to liv tvstvd ivin alrvady iiiidvr prvssure t as in thv vase of on inary town's gast, it will liv olivious that no outsidv power would liv rvquired to work thv apparatus. vxvvpting that i as dvsvri ivd with rvlvivnvv to Fig. 1. thv taps v' v* and v would require to hv opvratvd hy hand. An autoniattvally iii-ting .-i'rangviiivnt of valvvs has livvn alrvady dvsvrilivd with rvfervnvv to thv voiistruvtion ilhistratvd in Fig. '2.

lu lig. It is shown a nivvhanival arraiigviiivnt whivli may hv suhstitutvd for thv liquid sval ol' thv wint-pipv (i. lu this arraiigvinvnt li is a rotary valve or plugvovk.I

on thv t'viit-pipv (i nvar its mouth. thv vovk living iioriiiiilly hvld vlosvd liy' a wvightvd lvvvr l fast on thv plug spinillv, and living opvnvd, at thv rvquirvd inonivnt in thv risv of thv livll A. hy thv oppositv vnd ol' thv lvvvi l encountering a stationary stop l'. In oi'dvr to oliviate all risk ol' ingrvss ot' air into thv livll. a hall valve m vlosing inwardly. may hv provided at or nvar thv iuiivr vnd oi thv vvntpipv G.

Fig. -t illustrates a forni of ap iaratns whvrvin thv hvlls and B vonstitutiug thv arv rvplavvd hy opvntopped vvrtival vyhndvrs .t1 and whvrvin expaiisililv vhanilivrs.

pistons t and ll arvtttvd to work rvspvvtivvly. 'lhv piston is vontinually rvviprovatvd hy iiivvhai'iival powvr. for whivh pui'- posv it is attavhvd to a piston rod fr' vonnvvtvd to ouv vnd ot' a sway-liar Q ulvruuivd at q and vausvd to i'ovh in a vvrtival planv hy iiivaus ol' a voupling rod q' attavhvd to a invthv apparatus hv voiistruvtvd substantially -vhanivally rvvolvvd erank Q and to n point. in thv liar Q. 'l`liv rvviprovations ot' t-hv iiston A" vausv thv gas, whivh is to liv tvstvi to l liv altvrnatvly inhalt-d into thv vylindvr A and vrt ivllvd tlivrvt'roni into thv vylindvr B l liviivat i thv iiston B". 0n its passage Lvl twvvii thv vt' indvrs, thv. gas is sulijvvtvd to thvI avtion o thv nvvvssary rv 'vntinawashl liottlv l. thv risv of thv iiston i living vonsv- I qtivntly lvss than would othvrwisv have livvii thv vasv, hy au amount vorrvspondiug to the absorption whivh has takvn plavv in the washliot tlv l. This amount is shown upon ii svalv ll liv a pointvr h moving as onvl with thv iistoii l. 'lliv pistou B nvvd not liv attiivlivd l dirvvtly to any rod vouplvd to thv sway-liar i Q. lint. al'tvr viivh upward strokv may liv rvl tiiriivd to its iiiitiiil or lowvst. position hv nivans of a vvrtivally moving strikvr-rod i rvviprovatvd liy thv liarQ as indivatvd. 'lhv l prvssttrv olitainvd within thv vylindvr A is i dvtvrininvd hy nivans of a valve-vontrollvd vent-pipv (i, proridvd with a invvhanivally opvratvd rotary valvv L and inwardly vloaing hall valve m as alrvady dvsvrihed with rvl'vrl vnvv to Fig. 3. thv iiuivr liiiili of thv pi iv (l l l i i passing from aliovv through thv piston The passage of thv gas into and ont of thv I rvspvvtiyv vylindvrs A B is vontrollvd aut-oniativally hy a nivvhanivally operated rotary i valvv or tivv-way nlug cock shown diagraiuniativally in Fig. 4. Atthv commenceinvnt ot vach vyvlv of o rations. the valvei plug is held hy mvans o thv wvightvd arm R (fast on its spindlv r) in position to admit the i gas from the supply pipv to thv cylinder A" liv wiiy of a pipv a, and at thv saine time i to allow of thv vontvnts ol thv vyliinlvr B i living disvhargvd to thv wastv pipv. I liy way l of a pipv li. 0n thv piston A attaining thv l highvst point. in its strokv, t.hv yalvv-pliig is l rotatvd (hy nivans of a vain lt' operating upon an ariii r also fast on thv spindlv r) to i a position wlivrvin it pvrniits thv gas in A, and whivli is vx ivllvd thvrvfroin hy thv vusuing dvsvvnt oi the piston A, to iass by way of thv pipe n and thv wash-hott v I into thv pipv li and thence into thv vylindvr B, communication livtween the pipe b and thv waste outlet d living meanwhile cut ntf. We vlainil. An apparatus for gas analysis coin iris ing a lit uid sval, a hell titted to risc an fall I in the iquid sval and vonnvvtvd with the sourvv of thv gas ininiturv to lie analyzed. a rvnting dvvivv vonstitutvd hy a liquid sval and an open tuliv'vonnvvtvd at onv vnd tu thv top ol' thv livll. thv. othvr vnd ot' thv tuliv i living itdaptvd to dip into thv liquid sval. ii svvond liquid svul. ii'svvond livll Iittvil to rise and fall in thv svi-ond liquid sviil, vonnvvtvd on thv onv hand to thv lirst. livll and providvd with a wastv outlvt; and iuvans foi sulijvvting thv gas uiixturv to thv avt ion o analyzed. a second expansible chamber con- Bamm- 5 an absorbent reagent during its passa from the fiist to the second bell. substantially as sct l'orth. i

L. In apparatus for gas analysis comprising a first expansiblc chamber connected with the source of the gas mixture to be nected to the. first expansible chamber uml provided with a. waste outlet, and means l'or subjecting the gus mixture to the action ol' au absorbent reagent during its passage from the liist to the second chamber; a venting tube l'or tlic lirst. chamber connected wit i the movable part ol the said chamber and extending externally thereof'. means for normally closing this tube. and means l'or automatically opening the tube to the atmosphere at a predetermined position ot' the movable -part ol' the first chamber. stilistantiall) as set forth.

3. An apparatus for gas analysis comprising a first liquid seal. a bell fitted to rise and fall in the first liquid seal and connected with the source of the gas mixture to be analyzed: a venting device constituted b v a second liquid seal andan open tube connected at one end to the top of the bell. the other cud of the tube being adapted to dip into the second liquid seal; a third liquid seal, a second bell litted to rise and fall in the third liquid seal, connected on the one hand to the lirst bell and provided with a waste outlet: and means for subjecting the gus mixture to the action of an absorbent reagent durin" its passage from the first to the second bell.: substantially as set. forth.

c 4. An apparatus for gus analysis comprisln; a first iquid seal, a bell fitted to risc and fa l in the liist'liquid seal and connected with the source of the gas mixture to be analyzed: a venting device constituted b v a second one end to the top ot' the bell, the other end of the tube being adapted to dip into the second lit uid seal; a third liquid seal, a second bel fitted to rise and fall in the thirc liquid seal, connected ou the one hand to tlu finit bell and provided with a waste outlet; i mechanically actuated ium i for eflectin; the introduction into die inst cxpansibl chamber ol' a charge ol' the gas to be una I vncd; and means for subjecting the gas mix ture to the action ol' au absorbent reagen during its passage from the first to the secon bell, substantiallv as set forth.

An apparatus lor gas analysis con prising a lirst liquid seal, a bell ltted to rif and fall in the first liquid seal and connecte with the source of thegas mixture to l analyzed, a venting device constituted by second liquid seal and an open tube connec ed at one end to the top of the bell, the oth end of the tube being adapted to dip into tl second liquid seal; a third liquid seal. second bell fitted to risc and fall in the thi liquid seal connected on the one hand to t first bell and provided with a waste outil means for causing saai chamber to expii` and contract autoinaticail) so as to alb nately draw in and cx )el a charge of g comprising a vessel f'ed iy a constantI supi of liquid, a si )hon for periodicall)l emptyi the vessel of tlic liquid. and a lloatconnect to the chamber an d adapted to be raised a lowered b v the liquid in the vessel; a means for subjecting the gas mixture to action ol' an absorbent reagent during passage from the first to the second h substantially as set forth.

.l0l|.\l FREDERICK SISlMANt'l JM'QUBS BADY. W i tnesses H. l). .lain-isos,

liquid seal and an open tube connected at l". l. llANn. 

